Landor v. Louisiana Dept of Corrections and Public Safety · ¶103

Regardless, in subsequent cases, we have not been squeamish about recognizing Congress's authority to regulate non- recipients directly in service of protecting “the integrity and proper operation of the federal program.” Salinas v. United States, 522 U. S. 52, 61 (1997). In Salinas, for instance, we harbored “no serious doubt about the constitutionality” of an anti-bribery statute that regulated individuals situated identically to the prison officials here—i. e., “state and local officials employed by agencies receiving federal funds.” See id., at 58, 60. (Salinas thus checked both the “employer” and “sovereign” boxes.) And in Sabri v. United States, 541 U. S. 600 (2004), we went further still, explaining that the Spending Clause, buttressed by the Necessary and Proper Clause, empowered Congress to criminalize private individuals' bribery of state and local officials employed by…

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