Landor v. Louisiana Dept of Corrections and Public Safety · ¶115

That the Necessary and Proper Clause may extend the reach of the Spending Clause (as we have long recognized) does not, of course, mean that congressional power is unbounded. Contra, ante, at 79. But it does mean (as again we have long recognized) that where Congress may require compliance via law it may also secure compliance via imposition of liability, including damages.

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