Wolford v. Lopez · ¶153

First of all, step one of Bruen is supposed to be an interpretive exercise focused on the text of the Constitution. 597 U. S., at 17. As such, our cases require that history play a role. True, Bruen holds for step-one purposes that “when the Second Amendment’s plain text covers an individual’s conduct, the Constitution presumptively protects that conduct.” Ibid. But its analysis demonstrates that “plain text” means text supported by historical understanding.

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