Wolford v. Lopez · ¶189

Confronting the origins of these laws is certainly uncomfortable. The Black Codes were ugly. And racist. And deplorable. Even now, long after their abolishment and the end of the Jim Crow era, Black Americans are still saddled with the ramifications of centuries of legally authorized exclusion, notwithstanding the much-heralded arrival of “colorblindness.” See Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President and Fellows of Harvard College, 600 U. S. 181, 409–411 (2023) (JACKSON, J., dissenting).

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