Monsanto v. Durnell · ¶61

Durnell’s argument implausibly maintains that EPA’s registration and labeling determinations do not have preemptive force. But by its text, FIFRA affords preemptive force to federal requirements imposed “under” FIFRA, not merely those imposed “by” the actual statute itself. §136v(b). And FIFRA authorizes EPA to “prescribe regulations to carry out the provisions of [FIFRA],” and requires EPA to make registration and labeling determinations. §§136w(a)(1), 136a(c)(5)(B). EPA’s regulations require manufacturers to use the label approved by EPA, or face potential civil or criminal penalties. See 40 CFR §§152.44(a), 156.70(c) (2025); 7 U. S. C. §§136j(a)(1)(E), 136l. So EPA’s registration determinations as to the appropriate level of warning on a pesticide’s label impose “requirements” “under” FIFRA.

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