Louisiana v. Callais · ¶149

So Congress made a choice that was “as considered as considered comes”: to ensure that “results alone could lead to liability” under Section 2. Brnovich, 594 U. S., at 703 (Kagan, J., dissenting). Congress in 1982 knew all about this Nation's history of racially discriminatory voting practices. It knew that even when States could no longer deny ballots to minority citizens, they might still try to give their votes no or minimal weight. And Congress knew that those efforts did not come tagged as race-based. To the contrary, they were race-neutral on their face, and likewise were publicly backed by race-neutral justifications. So Congress renounced, as strongly as it could, Bolden's decision to limit Section 2's ban to intentional discrimination. It made sure instead, as this Court recently explained, that Section 2 would “turn[] on the presence of discriminatory effects.” Allen, 599 U.…

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