Louisiana v. Callais · ¶161

The court thus applied, in an altogether unexceptionable way, the framework used for the last 40 years to evaluate Section 2 vote-dilution claims. The court followed Gingles, along with the two fstfuls of this Court's decisions affirming its framework. See supra, at 146. And most crucially, the court followed Section 2 itself, because all our prior decisions faithfully implemented the fundamental choice Congress made in amending that section: to make liability turn (as the Court did in White) not on the motives behind but on the “results” of an electoral practice like districting.

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