Berk v. Choy · ¶41

Per Shady Grove, once a conflict between the State’s requirement and a Federal Rule has been identified, the Federal Rule displaces the State’s requirement so long as the Rule is “valid,” meaning that it “governs only ‘the manner and the means’ by which the litigants’ rights are ‘enforced.’” 559 U. S., at 407 (plurality opinion) (quoting Mississippi Publishing Corp. v. Murphree, 326 U. S. 438, 446 (1946)); see also 28 U. S. C. §2072(b) (Rules Enabling Act). And for similar reasons to those given in Part II–B of the majority opinion, Rule 3 easily satisfies this standard. See ante, at 10–11; see also Shady Grove, 559 U. S., at 407 (plurality opinion) (noting that we have “rejected every statutory challenge to a Federal Rule that has come before us”).

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