Chiles v. Salazar · ¶130

First, professional medical speech is speech uttered within the bounds of the professional-patient relationship. See, e. g., Haupt, 125 Yale L. J., at 1254–1255. That relationship imposes certain duties and restrictions on the medical professional. For example, medical providers are bound by the twin duties of benefcence (the obligation to act for the benefit of the patient) and nonmalefcence (the obligation not to harm the patient). B. Varkey, Principles of Clinical Ethics and Their Application to Practice, 2020 Med. Principles and Prac. 17, 18.

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