Chiles v. Salazar · ¶87

Because people's identities are simply “a part of the normal spectrum of human diversity,” id., at 535, the medical community has determined that efforts to change a patient's sexual orientation or gender identity will necessarily be ineffective. The American Psychological Association (APA), for example, has found “no empirical evidence that providing any type of therapy in childhood can alter adult same-sex sexual orientation.” APA Report, 1 App. 360. And “[n]o research has been published in the peer-reviewed literature that demonstrates the effcacy of conversion therapy efforts with gender minority youth, nor any benefits of such interventions to children and their families.” SAMHSA Report, 2 App. 569.

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