Hain Celestial Group, Inc. v. Palmquist · ¶21

Federal courts “are all of limited jurisdiction, and their proceedings are erroneous, if the jurisdiction be not shown upon them.” Kempe's Lessee v. Kennedy, 5 Cranch 173, 185 (1809) (Marshall, C. J.). Because of this limitation on federal courts' authority, a federal court of appeals must “satisfy itself not only of its own jurisdiction, but also of that of the lower courts in a cause under review.” Mitchell v. Maurer, 293 U. S. 237, 244 (1934). In most cases, federal appellate courts assess the district court's jurisdiction based on “the state of facts that existed at the time of filing.” Grupo Da tafux v. Atlas Global Group, L. P., 541 U. S. 567, 571 (2004). If the court of appeals concludes that the district court lacked jurisdiction over the case when it was fled in or removed to federal court, then the court of appeals typically must vacate any judgment on the merits. See Williams…

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