Hain Celestial Group, Inc. v. Palmquist · ¶45

Federal courts therefore “must determine that they have jurisdiction before proceeding to the merits.” Lance v. Cof fman, 549 U. S. 437, 439 (2007) (per curiam). “The requirement that jurisdiction be established as a threshold matter spring[s] from the nature and limits of the judicial power of the United States and is infexible and without exception.” Steel Co., 523 U. S., at 94–95 (internal quotation marks omitted). “For a court to pronounce upon” the merits “when it has no jurisdiction to do so is, by very definition, for a court to act ultra vires.” Id., at 101–102.

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