Geo Group, Inc. v. Menocal · ¶17

“Finality as a condition of review is an historic characteristic of federal appellate procedure.” Cobbledick v. United States, 309 U. S. 323, 324 (1940). Originating in the First Judiciary Act of 1789, the finality requirement is now codified in 28 U. S. C. § 1291. The courts of appeals, that section provides, have jurisdiction over appeals from “final decisions of the district courts.” And a decision generally is “final” under § 1291 only when it “resolves the entire case”—when it “ends the litigation” (on the merits or otherwise) and “leaves nothing for the court to do but execute the judgment.” Rit zen Group, Inc. v. Jackson Masonry, LLC, 589 U. S. 35, 37–38 (2020). That final-judgment rule, by preventing piecemeal appeals, “promotes the efficient administration of justice” and “preserves the proper balance between trial and appellate courts.” Microsoft Corp. v. Baker, 582 U. S. 23,…

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