First Choice Women’s Resource Centers, Inc. v. Davenport · ¶38

All this is more than enough to establish injury in fact under our precedents. An injury in fact does not arise only when a defendant causes a tangible harm to a plaintiff, like a physical injury or monetary loss. It can also arise when a defendant burdens a plaintiff's constitutional rights. See TransUnion LLC v. Ramirez, 594 U. S. 413, 425 (2021). And our cases have long recognized that demands for a charity's private member or donor information have just that effect. They “ `discourag[e]' ” people from associating with groups engaged in protected First Amendment advocacy. NAACP v. Alabama, 357 U. S., at 460–463. They also encourage groups and individuals to cease or modify protected First Amendment advocacy the government disfavors. See ibid.; Shelton, 364 U. S., at 485–487. All this occurs not just when a demand is enforced, but when it is made and for as long as it remains…

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