Chevron USA Inc. v. Plaquemines Parish · ¶7

(a) The phrase “relating to” sweeps broadly, meaning “ `to stand in some relation; to have bearing or concern; to pertain; refer; to bring into association with or connection with.' ” Morales v. Trans World Airlines, Inc., 504 U. S. 374, 383. One thing can relate to another even if the connection is “indirect,” Ingersoll-Rand Co. v. McClendon, 498 U. S. 133, 139; even if it was “not specifically designed to affect” it, ibid.; and even without a “strict causal relationship,” Ford Motor Co. v. Mon tana Eighth Judicial Dist. Court, 592 U. S. 351, 362. Accordingly, a removing defendant need not show that his federal duties specifically required or strictly caused the challenged conduct.

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