T. M. v. University of Md. Medical System Corporation · ¶84

It took Congress 86 years to give federal district courts federal-question jurisdiction, but it limited that jurisdiction to original actions. See Schweiker v. Chilicky, 487 U. S. 412, 420–421 (1988). In 1875, Congress granted federal courts “original” jurisdiction, “concurrent with the courts of the several States,” over federal-question cases. Act of Mar. 3, 1875, ch. 137, §1, 18 Stat. 470. But, that grant of original jurisdiction was not a grant of revising power. No inferior federal court was “empowered . . . to enjoin the judgment of a State court.” D. Chamberlain, The State Judiciary, in Constitutional History of the United States 254 (1889); id., at 253–259. State-court “judgments and decrees” were “subject in all cases . . . arising under the Constitution,” or federal law, “to the revising or appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court . . . , but in all other cases controlled…

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