T. M. v. University of Md. Medical System Corporation · ¶84

Since the founding, there has been no doubt that inferior “federal” courts have the power “to review the proceedings of” “State courts” only if Congress, in its “discretion,” has given them “appellate jurisdiction” to do so. The Federalist Nos. 81, 82, at 488–490, 493–495 (A. Hamilton); see also Hudson, 7 Cranch, at 33. Congress “is not limited by the constitution to any particular mode, or time of exercising it,” but there must be a statutory grant of revising power over state-court judgments before inferior courts can revise them. Hunter's Lessee, 1 Wheat., at 349; accord, 3 Story § 1755, at 627 (“any form, which the legislature may choose to prescribe”).

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