Trump v. Slaughter · ¶122

Over time, Congress has afforded agencies not just sweeping legislative powers but judicial ones as well, including the power to decide cases and controversies affecting Americans' private rights. We have recently begun addressing whether some of these schemes comply with Article III's assurance of an independent judge, the Seventh Amendment's promise of a jury trial, and the Due Process Clause's guarantee of a fair trial before a fair tribunal. See SEC v. Jarkesy, 603 U. S. 109, 123–126 (2024); see also id., at 141 (Gorsuch, J., concurring). Even so, certain of those schemes persist. See, e. g., Atlas Roofng Co. v. Occupational Safety and Health Review Comm'n, 430 U. S. 442, 447–450, 461 (1977).

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