Trump v. Slaughter · ¶241

Last, the majority takes aim at Humphrey's use of the terms “ `quasi-legislative' ” and “ `quasi-judicial.' ” Ante, at 450. Humphrey's, however, did not draw these terms from thin air. They were “well-established term[s]-of-art,” recognized by figures from Madison to Taft by the time Hum phrey's was decided. See Brief for Legal Historian N. Rosenblum et al. as Amici Curiae 14; see id., at 4–5, 13, 20–21. Madison, recall, recognized that even executive officers may “partak[e] strongly of the judicial character” and that such officers raise distinct considerations when it comes to removal. 1 Annals of Cong. 612. By the early-19th century, courts, too, were using the term “ `quasi-judicial' to describe the duties of specialists whose work bore functional and procedural similarities with that of the judiciary” and the term “quasi-legislative” to refer to functions served by “ `subordinate…

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