Trump v. Barbara · ¶304

Second, the Court cannot grant relief to any party without a right of action. See Whole Woman’s Health v. Jackson, 595 U. S. 30, 52 (2021) (THOMAS, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part). But, it grants relief here on the basis of a suit brought under the Citizenship Clause, the INA, and the APA. The Citizenship Clause and the INA’s equivalent, by their terms, create no right of action. The APA authorizes suits challenging “final agency action,” but the plaintiffs did not allege any final agency action. See 5 U. S. C. §704; Bennett v. Spear, 520 U. S. 154, 177–178 (1997).

slip opinion, revised 7/01/26
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