The Federalist Papers

Edition: Publius · Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison · 1787–1788

Source: Project Gutenberg #18, updated 11 October 2025; its author-attribution labels and source notes are retained. The supplied file does not identify one uniform underlying print edition.

Voices: Federalist No. 1 · General Introduction · HAMILTON · For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 2 · Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence · JAY · For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 3 · The Same Subject Continued · JAY · (Concerning Dangers From Foreign Force and Influence) For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 4 · The Same Subject Continued · JAY · (Concerning Dangers From Foreign Force and Influence) For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 5 · The Same Subject Continued · JAY · (Concerning Dangers From Foreign Force and Influence) For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 6 · Concerning Dangers from Dissensions Between the States · HAMILTON · For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 7 · The Same Subject Continued · HAMILTON · (Concerning Dangers from Dissensions Between the States) For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 8 · The Consequences of Hostilities Between the States · HAMILTON · From the New York Packet. Tuesday, November 20, 1787. · Federalist No. 9 · The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection · HAMILTON · For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 10 · The Same Subject Continued · MADISON · (The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection) From the New York Packet. Friday, November 23, 1787. · Federalist No. 11 · The Utility of the Union in Respect to Commercial Relations and a Navy · HAMILTON · For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 12 · The Utility of the Union In Respect to Revenue · HAMILTON · From the New York Packet. Tuesday, November 27, 1787. · Federalist No. 13 · Advantage of the Union in Respect to Economy in Government · HAMILTON · For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 14 · Objections to the Proposed Constitution From Extent of Territory Answered · MADISON · From the New York Packet. Friday, November 30, 1787. · Federalist No. 15 · The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union · HAMILTON · For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 16 · The Same Subject Continued · HAMILTON · (The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union) From the New York Packet. Tuesday, December 4, 1787. · Federalist No. 17 · The Same Subject Continued · HAMILTON · (The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union) For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 18 · The Same Subject Continued · HAMILTON AND MADISON · (The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union) For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 19 · The Same Subject Continued · HAMILTON AND MADISON · (The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union) For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 20 · The Same Subject Continued · HAMILTON AND MADISON · (The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union) From the New York Packet. Tuesday, December 11, 1787. · Federalist No. 21 · Other Defects of the Present Confederation · HAMILTON · For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 22 · The Same Subject Continued · HAMILTON · (Other Defects of the Present Confederation) From the New York Packet. Friday, December 14, 1787. · Federalist No. 23 · The Necessity of a Government as Energetic as the One Proposed to the Preservation of the Union · HAMILTON · From the New York Packet. Tuesday, December 18, 1787. · Federalist No. 24 · The Powers Necessary to the Common Defense Further Considered · HAMILTON · For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 25 · The Same Subject Continued · HAMILTON · (The Powers Necessary to the Common Defense Further Considered) From the New York Packet. Friday, December 21, 1787. · Federalist No. 26 · The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered · HAMILTON · For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 27 · The Same Subject Continued · HAMILTON · (The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered) From the New York Packet. Tuesday, December 25, 1787. · Federalist No. 28 · The Same Subject Continued · HAMILTON · (The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered) For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 29 · Concerning the Militia · HAMILTON · From the Daily Advertiser. Thursday, January 10, 1788 · Federalist No. 30 · Concerning the General Power of Taxation · HAMILTON · From the New York Packet. Friday, December 28, 1787. · Federalist No. 31 · The Same Subject Continued · HAMILTON · (Concerning the General Power of Taxation) From the New York Packet. Tuesday, January 1, 1788. · Federalist No. 32 · The Same Subject Continued · HAMILTON · (Concerning the General Power of Taxation) From the Daily Advertiser. Thursday, January 3, 1788. · Federalist No. 33 · The Same Subject Continued · HAMILTON · (Concerning the General Power of Taxation) From the Daily Advertiser. January 3, 1788. · Federalist No. 34 · The Same Subject Continued · HAMILTON · (Concerning the General Power of Taxation) From the New York Packet. Friday, January 4, 1788. · Federalist No. 35 · The Same Subject Continued · HAMILTON · (Concerning the General Power of Taxation) For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 36 · The Same Subject Continued · HAMILTON · (Concerning the General Power of Taxation) From the New York Packet. Tuesday January 8, 1788. · Federalist No. 37 · Concerning the Difficulties of the Convention in Devising a Proper Form of Government · MADISON · From the Daily Advertiser. Friday, January 11, 1788. · Federalist No. 38 · The Same Subject Continued, and the Incoherence of the Objections to the New Plan Exposed · MADISON · From the New York Packet. Tuesday, January 15, 1788. · Federalist No. 39 · The Conformity of the Plan to Republican Principles · MADISON · For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 40 · The Powers of the Convention to Form a Mixed Government Examined and Sustained · MADISON · From the New York Packet. Friday, January 18, 1788. · Federalist No. 41 · General View of the Powers Conferred by The Constitution · MADISON · For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 42 · The Powers Conferred by the Constitution Further Considered · MADISON · From the New York Packet. Tuesday, January 22, 1788. · Federalist No. 43 · The Same Subject Continued (The Powers Conferred by the Constitution Further Considered) · MADISON · For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 44 · Restrictions on the Authority of the Several States · MADISON · From the New York Packet. Friday, January 25, 1788. · Federalist No. 45 · The Alleged Danger From the Powers of the Union to the State Governments Considered · MADISON · For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 46 · The Influence of the State and Federal Governments Compared · MADISON · From the New York Packet. Tuesday, January 29, 1788. · Federalist No. 47 · The Particular Structure of the New Government and the Distribution of Power Among Its Different Parts · MADISON · From the New York Packet. Friday, February 1, 1788. · Federalist No. 48 · These Departments Should Not Be So Far Separated as to Have No Constitutional Control Over Each Other · MADISON · From the New York Packet. Friday, February 1, 1788. · Federalist No. 49 · Method of Guarding Against the Encroachments of Any One Department of Government by Appealing to the People Through a Convention · HAMILTON OR MADISON · From the New York Packet. Tuesday, February 5, 1788. · Federalist No. 50 · Periodical Appeals to the People Considered · HAMILTON OR MADISON · From the New York Packet. Tuesday, February 5, 1788. · Federalist No. 51 · The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments · HAMILTON OR MADISON · From the New York Packet. Friday, February 8, 1788. · Federalist No. 52 · The House of Representatives · HAMILTON OR MADISON · From the New York Packet. Friday, February 8, 1788. · Federalist No. 53 · The Same Subject Continued (The House of Representatives) · HAMILTON OR MADISON · From the New York Packet. Tuesday, February 12, 1788. · Federalist No. 54 · The Apportionment of Members Among the States · HAMILTON OR MADISON · From the New York Packet. Tuesday, February 12, 1788. · Federalist No. 55 · The Total Number of the House of Representatives · HAMILTON OR MADISON · From the New York Packet. Friday, February 15, 1788. · Federalist No. 56 · The Same Subject Continued (The Total Number of the House of Representatives) · HAMILTON OR MADISON · From the New York Packet. Tuesday, February 19, 1788. · Federalist No. 57 · The Alleged Tendency of the New Plan to Elevate the Few at the Expense of the Many Considered in Connection with Representation · HAMILTON OR MADISON · From the New York Packet. Tuesday, February 19, 1788. · Federalist No. 58 · Objection That The Number of Members Will Not Be Augmented as the Progress of Population Demands Considered · MADISON · · Federalist No. 59 · Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members · HAMILTON · From the New York Packet. Friday, February 22, 1788. · Federalist No. 60 · The Same Subject Continued · HAMILTON · (Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members) From the New York Packet. Tuesday, February 26, 1788. · Federalist No. 61 · The Same Subject Continued · HAMILTON · (Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members) From the New York Packet. Tuesday, February 26, 1788. · Federalist No. 62 · The Senate · HAMILTON OR MADISON · For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 63 · The Senate Continued · HAMILTON OR MADISON · For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 64 · The Powers of the Senate · JAY · From the New York Packet. Friday, March 7, 1788. · Federalist No. 65 · The Powers of the Senate Continued · HAMILTON · From the New York Packet. Friday, March 7, 1788. · Federalist No. 66 · Objections to the Power of the Senate To Set as a Court for Impeachments Further Considered · HAMILTON · From the New York Packet. Tuesday, March 11, 1788. · Federalist No. 67 · The Executive Department · HAMILTON · From the New York Packet. Tuesday, March 11, 1788. · Federalist No. 68 · The Mode of Electing the President · HAMILTON · From the New York Packet. Friday, March 14, 1788. · Federalist No. 69 · The Real Character of the Executive · HAMILTON · From the New York Packet. Friday, March 14, 1788. · Federalist No. 70 · The Executive Department Further Considered · HAMILTON · From the New York Packet. Tuesday, March 18, 1788. · Federalist No. 70 · alternate text · The Executive Department Further Considered · HAMILTON · From the New York Packet. Tuesday, March 18, 1788. · Federalist No. 71 · The Duration in Office of the Executive · HAMILTON · From the New York Packet. Tuesday, March 18, 1788. · Federalist No. 72 · The Same Subject Continued, and Re-Eligibility of the Executive Considered · HAMILTON · From the New York Packet. Friday, March 21, 1788. · Federalist No. 73 · The Provision For The Support of the Executive, and the Veto Power · HAMILTON · From the New York Packet. Friday, March 21, 1788. · Federalist No. 74 · The Command of the Military and Naval Forces, and the Pardoning Power of the Executive · HAMILTON · From the New York Packet. Tuesday, March 25, 1788. · Federalist No. 75 · The Treaty-Making Power of the Executive · HAMILTON · For the Independent Journal. · Federalist No. 76 · The Appointing Power of the Executive · HAMILTON · From the New York Packet. Tuesday, April 1, 1788. · Federalist No. 77 · The Appointing Power Continued and Other Powers of the Executive Considered · HAMILTON · From the New York Packet. Friday, April 4, 1788. · Federalist No. 78 · The Judiciary Department · HAMILTON · From McLEAN’S Edition, New York. · Federalist No. 79 · The Judiciary Continued · HAMILTON · From MCLEAN’s Edition, New York. · Federalist No. 80 · The Powers of the Judiciary · HAMILTON · From McLEAN’s Edition, New York. · Federalist No. 81 · The Judiciary Continued, and the Distribution of the Judicial Authority · HAMILTON · From McLEAN’s Edition, New York. · Federalist No. 82 · The Judiciary Continued · HAMILTON · From McLEAN’s Edition, New York. · Federalist No. 83 · The Judiciary Continued in Relation to Trial by Jury · HAMILTON · From MCLEAN’s Edition, New York. · Federalist No. 84 · Certain General and Miscellaneous Objections to the Constitution Considered and Answered · HAMILTON · From McLEAN’s Edition, New York. · Federalist No. 85 · Concluding Remarks · HAMILTON · From MCLEAN’s Edition, New York.